This 'probes the image with QEMU's tools. Essentially you are "mimicking" a network storage to mount it. The /dev/nbd0 is a "default", you can use your own, but recommending to keep the /dev/ path as a good practice.
3
fdisk -l /dev/nbd0
You can now "probe" and list the actual device, including it's partitions. Possibly create new ones.